Systems and methods for analyzing stream-based data for asset operation

ABSTRACT

A system includes a first asset disposed at a first location in an industrial system configured to perform one or more operations, a second asset disposed at a second location in the industrial system, and a server device communicatively coupled to the first asset and the second asset. The server device is configured to receive a first set of stream-based data from the first asset, receive a second set of stream-based data from the second asset, identify a first portion of the first set of stream-based data and a second portion of the second set of stream-based data, wherein the first portion and the second portion comprises a same type of data, determine whether the first portion of the first set of stream-based data corresponds to an expected range of values based on the second portion of the second set of stream-based data, and send a command to the first asset to adjust a first set of operations in response to the first portion of the first set of stream-based data not being within the expected range of values.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/760,372, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODSFOR ANALYZING STREAM-BASED DATA FOR ASSET OPERATION”, filed Nov. 13,2018, which is incorporated by reference herein in their entirety forall purposes.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to improving operations of acontrol system that monitors and controls the operation of one or morecomponents of an industrial process (e.g., oil and gas production,chemical processing, manufacturing, food and/or beverage processing,etc.). More specifically, the present disclosure relates to performinganalysis on data collected from the industrial process in real time ornear real time (e.g., in seconds or minutes).

An industrial process may include a series of steps performed by acollection of respective components or assets. Typically sensorsdisposed at each component may collect data, which a control system ofthe component may compare to preset threshold values or ranges and thentake one or more predetermined actions based on whether or not thecollected data exceed the threshold values and/or fall within the presetranges. Accordingly, the control system of each component may not takeinto account the state of the other components working in concert toperform the industrial process when controlling the component in realtime or near real time. Further, the control system of each componentmay not take into account an underlying condition of the industrialprocess or a holistic view of some or all of the other componentsworking in concert to perform the industrial process when controllingthe component. Accordingly, improved systems and methods for controllingvarious components of the industrial process while considering theoperations of other components in the industrial process are desirable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

In one embodiment, a system includes a first asset disposed at a firstlocation in an industrial system configured to perform one or moreoperations, a second asset disposed at a second location in theindustrial system, and a server device communicatively coupled to thefirst asset and the second asset. The server device is configured toreceive a first set of stream-based data from the first asset, receive asecond set of stream-based data from the second asset, identify a firstportion of the first set of stream-based data and a second portion ofthe second set of stream-based data, wherein the first portion and thesecond portion comprises a same type of data, determine whether thefirst portion of the first set of stream-based data corresponds to anexpected range of values based on the second portion of the second setof stream-based data, and send a command to the first asset to adjust afirst set of operations in response to the first portion of the firstset of stream-based data not being within the expected range of values.

In another embodiment, a system includes a first asset disposed at anindustrial automation system, a second asset disposed at the industrialautomation system, and a server communicatively coupled to the firstasset and the second asset. The server is configured to receive a firstset of stream-based data from the first asset, generate a model for thesecond asset based on the first set of stream-based data, wherein themodel is configured to output an expected set of stream-based dataassociated with the second asset, receive a second set of stream-baseddata from the second asset, and send a command to the first asset or thesecond asset in response to the second set of stream-based data beingoutside of a threshold from the expected set of stream-based data.

In yet another embodiment, a method includes receiving a first set ofstream-based data from a first asset disposed at a first location in anindustrial system configured to perform one or more operations,receiving a second set of stream-based data from a second asset disposedat a second location in the industrial system, identifying a firstportion of the first set of stream-based data and a second portion ofthe second set of stream-based data, wherein the first portion and thesecond portion comprises a same type of data, determining whether thefirst portion of the first set of stream-based data corresponds to anexpected range of values based on the second portion of the second setof stream-based data, and sending a command to the first asset to adjusta first set of operations in response to the first portion of the firstset of stream-based data not being within the expected range of values.

DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentembodiments will become better understood when the following detaileddescription is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in whichlike characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a high-level overview ofstream-based processing analysis system, in accordance with embodimentspresented herein;

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a remote terminal unit (RTU) thatmay be employed in the stream-based processing analysis system of FIG.1, in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart of a process for stream-based processinganalysis, in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of a process for cleansing data withinthe stream-based processing analysis system of FIG. 1, in accordancewith embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of a process for identifying data typewithin the stream-based processing analysis system of FIG. 1, inaccordance with embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of a process for identifying drift andadjusting threshold values within the stream-based processing analysissystem of FIG. 1, in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 7 illustrates a first bar graph visualization of degree of truthvalues for a number of conditions for an oil and gas well experiencing aproblem, in accordance with embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 8 illustrates a second bar graph visualization of degree of truthvalues for the number of conditions for the oil and gas wellexperiencing a different problem than that of FIG. 7, in accordance withembodiments presented herein;

FIG. 9 illustrates a flow chart of a process for using fuzzy logic inthe stream-based processing analysis system of FIG. 1, in accordancewith embodiments presented herein;

FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of a process for comparing downstreamdata to a model generated based on upstream data within the stream-basedprocessing analysis system of FIG. 1, in accordance with embodimentspresented herein;

FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic illustrating various operations involvedin hydrocarbon production, in accordance with embodiments presentedherein;

FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic of how stream-based processing may beapplied at a hydrocarbon site, in accordance with embodiments presentedherein;

FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic of a chemical process that may utilizethe stream-based processing analysis system of FIG. 1, in accordancewith embodiments presented herein; and

FIG. 14 illustrates an example industrial automation system utilizingstream-based processing employed by a food manufacturer, in accordancewith embodiments presented herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In an effortto provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all featuresof an actual implementation are described in the specification. Itshould be appreciated that in the development of any such actualimplementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerousimplementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve thedevelopers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related andbusiness-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation toanother. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a developmenteffort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be aroutine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those ofordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

When introducing elements of various embodiments of the presentinvention, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended tomean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,”“including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean thatthere may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed towardssystems and methods for providing improved control of one or more assetsin a multi-node network using stream-based processing. An industrialprocess may include a series of steps performed by a collection ofrespective components or assets disposed at nodes. Sensors disposed ateach node may collect data, which a control system of the asset maycompare to preset threshold values or ranges. The control system maythen take one or more predetermined actions based on whether or not thecollected data exceed the threshold values and/or fall within the presetranges. Accordingly, the control system of each asset may not take intoaccount the state of the other assets within the network working inconcert to perform the industrial process when controlling the componentin real time or near real time. Further, the control system of eachcomponent may not take into account an underlying condition of theindustrial process or a holistic view of some or all of the othercomponents working in concert to perform the industrial process whencontrolling the component. This may result in the industrial processworking in an inefficient or otherwise undesirable state.

To obtain a holistic view of the industrial process, an operator of theindustrial process may hire a subject matter expert (SME) to perform anin-depth analysis of the industrial process. For example, the operatormay collect data from the various nodes of the network for theindustrial process over the course of a few weeks or months and thensend the data to the SME for analysis. Based on the analysis of the SME,the operator may make adjustments to the industrial process. In theinterim, the industrial process may run for weeks or months in aninefficient or undesirable state between collection of the data and theadjustments made upon receiving the results of the analysis provided bythe SME.

With this is mind, the disclosed techniques include receiving streams ofdata from multiple nodes within the network, using the data received viathe data streams to model one or more underlying conditions in real timeor near real time (e.g., within seconds or minutes) using data receivedfrom the various streams as inputs, and then determine what, ifanything, should be done to control one or more of the assets within thenetwork to make the industrial process run more efficiently. Theanalysis may include, for example, using one or more analysis engines tomaintain one or more models (e.g., state-based models) of variousaspects of the industrial process, running scripts or routines on thereceived data, performing queries based on the data, updating ananalysis function, applying fuzzy logic, consulting one or more truthtables, and so forth to analyze the received data in real time or nearreal time. In some embodiments, the received data may be cleansed orpreprocessed to check for frozen data, transform units, identify datatypes, provide relevant data to the appropriate analysis engines, etc.Based on the underlying condition, decision tables may be referenced todetermine what, if any, remedial action to recommend. In someembodiments, the recommended action may be automatically taken. In otherembodiments, the recommended action may be recommended to a user forapproval before the action is taken. In further embodiments, therecommended action may be recommended for the user to implement on hisor her own. In yet further embodiments, the recommended action may beadded to a workflow (e.g., a business workflow) and/or to a user's to dolist. Accordingly, the disclosed techniques provide real time or nearreal time feedback for one or more assets within a multi-node networkbased on a holistic model of the network generated using streams of dataprovided by multiple nodes.

By way of introduction, FIG. 1 illustrates a high-level overview of astream-based processing analysis system 10 for an enterprise. Theanalysis system 10 may include a plurality of nodes 12 disposed in thesame or different industrial environments. The nodes 12 may be locatedgeographically near one another (e.g., in the same industrial facility),located geographically remote from one another (e.g., located indifferent facilities, different cities, different states, differentregions, different countries, different continents, etc.), or somecombination thereof (e.g., two nodes 12 in one industrial facility, anda third node 12 at a different location hundreds of miles away).Further, the nodes 12 may be distributed horizontally along someproduction process (e.g., the nodes 12 include or are coupled tomachines performing the same or similar steps in a process in parallel),distributed vertically along some production process (e.g., the nodes 12include or are coupled to machines performing different steps of aprocess in series), or some combination thereof. Accordingly, one ormore of the nodes 12 may be situated upstream or downstream from one ormore other nodes 12. In other embodiments, the nodes 12 may be part ofdifferent, but in some cases, related processes. For example, in oneembodiment related to oil and gas extraction, the nodes 12 may bevarious wells extracting hydrocarbons from the same reservoir orhydrocarbon deposit. In a second embodiment related to oil and gas, thenodes 12 may be correspond with steps along the process of extractionand processing (e.g., extraction, separation, transport, storage,decanting, refining, etc.).

As shown, each node 12 may include one or more sensors 14 and/or one ormore actuators 16. The sensors 14 may sense one or more parameters(e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) and provide a stream ofmeasurements for the one or more parameters. The actuators 16 may beconfigured to move in response to a control signal to adjust one or moreproperties at one or more nodes 12 or to perform one or more tasks atone or more of the nodes 12. In some embodiments, one or more of thenodes 12 may include a hardware processor 18 and a memory component 20.The processor 18 and memory component 20 may represent a computingdevice coupled to the node 12, a control system for the node 12, a userinterface for the node 12, or some combination thereof. The memorycomponent 20 may store data collected by the sensors 14, code to beexecuted by the processor 18, and so forth. The processor 18 may beconfigured to execute instructions stored on the memory component 20.For example, the processor 18 may be configured to perform some analysis(e.g., pre-processing) on data collected by the sensors 14. In otherembodiments, the processor 18 may analyze the data collected by thesensors 14 and generate control signals for the actuators 16. Theprocessor 18 may also facilitate communication between the nodes 12 andvarious other components within the analysis system 10.

The nodes 12 may include one or more industrial devices or assets thatmake up automation systems operating within respective facilities.Exemplary automation systems may include, but are not limited to, batchcontrol systems (e.g., mixing systems), continuous control systems(e.g., proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control systems), ordiscrete control systems. In such embodiments, the nodes 12 may alsoinclude devices, such as industrial controllers (e.g., programmablelogic controllers or other types of programmable automationcontrollers), field devices such as sensors and meters, motor drives,operator interfaces (e.g., human-machine interfaces, industrialmonitors, graphic terminals, message displays, etc.), industrial robots,barcode markers and readers, vision system devices (e.g., visioncameras), smart welders, or other such industrial devices. Further, titshould be understood that the nodes 12 may be disposed withinfixed-location industrial facilities, or the nodes 12 may be part of amobile control application, such as a system contained in a truck orother service vehicle.

As shown, the nodes 12 may be in communication with one or more servers22 via a network 24 (e.g., the internet). A communication link betweenthe nodes 12 and the network 24 may be a wired or a wireless connection,such as Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, and the like. Each of the servers 22 mayinclude a hardware processor 26 and a memory component 28 accessible bythe processor 26. The memory component 28 may store, for example,instructions to be executed by the processor 26, one or more analysisengines 30, scripts, or routines to be applied by the processor 26, anda database 32. The database 32 may store historical data, training data,results of analysis, etc. As shown, the server 22 may receive streams ofdata from multiple nodes 12 and analyze sets of stream-based datareceived from the data streams in real time or near real time (e.g.,within seconds or minutes). The processor 26 may run scripts or modelsstored in the memory 28 to analyze incoming data. In some embodiments,historical data, training data, or other data stored in the database 32may be used to provide context to analysis of incoming data or may beused as training data for training a machine learning model. Theprocessor 26 may determine recommended actions, generate control signalsfor implementing recommended actions, generate notifications, generatevisualizations, etc. Although various processes described herein aredetailed as being performed by the server 22, it should be noted thatany suitable computing device (e.g., node 12, processor 18) may also beused to perform the techniques described herein.

FIG. 1 shows a plurality of servers 22. In some embodiments datareceived from the nodes 12 may be sent to one or more specific servers22 for analysis based on the type of the data, the source of the data(e.g., the model number and/or manufacturer of the device or asset), orsome other characteristic of the data. In other embodiments, the dataanalysis may be cloud-based. That is, data analysis functions may bedistributed over a plurality of servers 22.

As discussed in more detail below, the nodes 12 may collect data andthen provide streams of data (e.g., data sent in real time or near realtime) to the one or more servers 22 via the network 24. The one or moreservers 22 may then then clean, preprocess, or filter noise from thedata in the data stream (e.g., perform some preprocessing functions,such as identify the data type, filter data, check for frozen data,confirm that values are in expected ranges, transform units, send to aspecific analysis engine, etc.). The analysis engines 30 on the server22 may then perform analysis (e.g., run a model, run a script, performfuzzy logic calculations, etc.) in real time or near real time (e.g.,analysis is completed in seconds or minutes), and then eitherautomatically take action or propose a recommended action to be providedto a user for approval.

In some embodiments, the stream-based analysis system 10 may alsoinclude a computing device 34 connected to the nodes 12 and/or the oneor more servers 22 via the network 24 or directly (not shown). Thecomputing device 34 may review the analysis, review and/or approverecommended actions, set or modify parameters for analysis, view datafrom the nodes 12, control various aspects of the nodes 12, etc.Generally, the computing device 34 may be any type of processing devicethat may include communication abilities, processing abilities, and thelike. For example, the computing device 34 may be a controller, such asa programmable logic controller (PLC), a programmable automationcontroller (PAC), or any other controller that may monitor, control, andoperate the industrial device. The computing device 34 may beincorporated into any physical device (e.g., the industrial device) ormay be implemented as a stand-alone computing device (e.g., generalpurpose computer), such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, atablet computer, a mobile computing device, or the like. The computingdevice 34 may provide a graphical user interface (e.g., a browser, anapplication, etc.) by which a user may monitor and control variousaspects of the analysis system 10.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of one of the nodes 12 ofFIG. 1. As shown, in the illustrated embodiment, the node 12 includes aremote terminal unit (RTU) 100, a control engine 102, and acommunication link 104. The RTU 100 may include sensors 14 or may becoupled to various sensors 14 that may monitor various propertiesassociated with a component at an industrial site. The RTU 100 may thenanalyze the various properties associated with the component and maycontrol various operational parameters of the component. For example,the RTU 100 may measure a pressure or a differential pressure of a wellor a component at the industrial site. The RTU 100 may also measuretemperatures of contents stored inside a component at the industrialsite, an amount of hydrocarbons being processed or extracted bycomponents at the industrial site, and the like. The RTU 100 may alsomeasure a level or amount of hydrocarbons stored in a component, such asa storage tank. In certain embodiments, the RTU 100 may be iSens-GPPressure Transmitter, iSens-DP Differential Pressure Transmitter,iSens-MV Multivariable Transmitter, iSens-T2 Temperature Transmitter,iSens-L Level Transmitter, or Isens-IO Flexible I/O Transmittermanufactured by Rockwell Automation.

In one embodiment, the RTU 100 may include a sensor 14 that may measurepressure, temperature, fill level, flow rates, and the like. The RTU 100may also include communication component 106 or a transmitter, such as aradio wave transmitter, that may transmit data acquired by the sensor 14via an antenna or the like. The sensor 14 in the RTU 100 may be awireless sensor that may be capable of receiving and sending datasignals between RTUs 100. To power the sensors 14 and the transmitters,the RTU 100 may include a battery or may be coupled to a continuouspower supply. Since the RTU 100 may be installed in harsh outdoor and/orexplosion-hazardous environments, the RTU 100 may be enclosed in anexplosion-proof container that may meet certain standards established bythe National Electrical Manufacturer Association (NEMA) and the like,such as a NEMA 4× container, a NEMA 7× container, and the like.

The RTU 100 may transmit data acquired by the sensor 14 or dataprocessed by a processor 108 to other monitoring systems, a routerdevice, a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) device, orthe like. As such, the RTU 100 may enable users to monitor variousproperties of various components in the industrial site without beingphysically located near the corresponding components.

In operation, the RTU 100 may receive real-time or near real-time dataassociated with the associated component case head pressure, flowlinepressure, wellhead pressure, wellhead temperature, and the like. In anycase, the RTU 100 may analyze the real-time data with respect to staticdata that may be stored in a memory 110 of the RTU 100. The static datamay include a well depth, a tubing length, a tubing size, a choke size,a reservoir pressure, a bottom hole temperature, well test data, fluidproperties of the hydrocarbons being extracted, and the like. The RTU100 may also analyze the real-time data with respect to other dataacquired by various types of instruments (e.g., water cut meter,multiphase meter) to determine an inflow performance relationship (IPR)curve, a desired operating point for a wellhead, key performanceindicators (KPIs) associated with the wellhead, wellhead performancesummary reports, and the like. Although the RTU 100 may be capable ofperforming the above-referenced analyses, the RTU 100 may not be capableof performing the analyses in a timely manner. Moreover, by just relyingon the processor capabilities of the RTU 100, the RTU 100 may be limitedin the amount and types of analyses that it may perform. Moreover, sincethe RTU 100 may be limited in size, the data storage abilities may alsobe limited.

Keeping the foregoing in mind, in certain embodiments, the RTU 100 mayestablish a communication link 104 with the stream-based processinganalysis system 10 shown in FIG. 1. As such, the stream-based processinganalysis system 10 may use its larger processing capabilities to analyzedata acquired by multiple RTUs 100. Moreover, the stream-basedprocessing analysis system 10 may access historical data associated withthe respective RTU 100, data associated with well devices associatedwith the respective RTU 100, data associated with the industrial siteassociated with the respective RTU 100 and the like to further analyzethe data acquired by the RTU 100.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, the RTU 100 may communicatively coupleto the stream-based processing analysis system 10 via the communicationlink 104 shown in FIG. 2. The RTU 100 may communicatively couple to thecontrol engine 102 such as ControlLogix® or the like. The control engine102 may, in turn, communicatively couple to the communication link 104that may provide a protocol or specifications such as OPC Data Accessthat may enable the control engine 102 and the RTU 100 to continuouslycommunicate its data to the stream-based processing analysis system. Thecommunication link 104 may be communicatively coupled to thestream-based processing analysis system 10. Although the RTU 100 isdescribed as communicating with the stream-based processing analysissystem 10 via the control engine 102 and the communication link 104, itshould be noted that in some embodiments, the RTU 100 may communicatedirectly with the stream-based processing analysis system 10.

In some embodiments, the RTU 100 may communicatively couple to thecontrol engine 102 or the communication link 104 via an EthernetIP/Modbus network. As such, a polling engine may connect to the RTU 100via the Ethernet IP/Modbus network to poll the data acquired by the RTU100. The polling engine may then use an Ethernet network to connect tothe stream-based processing analysis system.

As mentioned above, the RTU 100 may monitor and control various types ofindustrial components (e.g., oil and gas well devices) and may send thedata acquired by the respective components to the stream-basedprocessing analysis system 10 according to the architecture describedabove. For example, the RTU 100 may monitor and control an electricalsubmersible pump (ESP), a gas lift (GL), a rod pump controller (RPC), aprogressive cavity pump (PCP), and the like. In the ESP, the RTU 100 maysense and control the wellhead and other operating variables of the ESPsystem. In the GL, the RTU 100 may adjust a gas lift injection flow tooperator flow rate, compute real-time estimated gas-oil-waterproduction, and the like. In the RPC, the RTU 100 may provide advancerod pump controlling operations for beam pump applications and the like.The RTU 100 may also monitor both polish rod load and continuous walkingbeam position to develop dynamometer cards. In the PCP, the RTU 100 mayprovide local and remote monitoring of the wellhead and other PCPvariable. Here, the RTU 100 may also perform basic analysis and adjustthe pumping conditions of the PCP based on the received data from thePCP.

As shown in FIG. 2, the RTU 46 may include the communication component106, the processor 108, the memory 110, a storage 112, input/output(I/O) ports 114, a display 116, and the like. The communicationcomponent 106 may be a wireless or wired communication component thatmay facilitate communication between different RTUs 100, gatewaycommunication devices, various control systems, and the like. Theprocessor 108 may be any type of computer processor or microprocessorcapable of executing computer-executable code. The memory 110 and thestorage 112 may be any suitable articles of manufacture that can serveas media to store processor-executable code, data, or the like. Thesearticles of manufacture may represent computer-readable media (i.e., anysuitable form of memory or storage) that may store theprocessor-executable code used by the processor 108 to perform thepresently disclosed techniques. The memory 110 and the storage 112 mayalso be used to store data received via the I/O ports 114, data analyzedby the processor 108, or the like.

The I/O ports 114 may be interfaces that may couple to various types ofI/O modules such as sensors 14, actuators 16, programmable logiccontrollers (PLC), and other types of equipment. For example, the I/Oports 114 may serve as an interface to pressure sensors, flow sensors,temperature sensors, and the like. As such, the RTU 100 may receive dataassociated with a well via the I/O ports 114. The I/O ports 114 may alsoserve as an interface to enable the RTU 100 to connect and communicatewith surface instrumentation, flow meters, water cut meters, multiphasemeters, and the like.

In addition to receiving data via the I/O ports 114, the RTU 100 maycontrol various devices via the I/O ports 114. For example, the RTU 100may be communicatively coupled to the actuator 16 or motor that maymodify the size of a choke that may be part of the well. The choke maycontrol a fluid flow rate of the hydrocarbons being extracted at thewell or a downstream system pressure within the network of pipelines orthe like. In one embodiment, the choke may be an adjustable choke thatmay receive commands from the RTU 100 to change the fluid flow andpressure parameters at the well.

The display 116 may include any type of electronic display such as aliquid crystal display, a light-emitting-diode display, and the like. Assuch, data acquired via the I/O ports and/or data analyzed by theprocessor 108 may be presented on the display 116, such that operatorshaving access to the RTU 100 may view the acquired data or analyzed dataat the hydrocarbon well site. In certain embodiments, the display 116may be a touch screen display or any other type of display capable ofreceiving inputs from the operator.

In addition to employing the RTU 100 to analyze data associated with acomponent at an industrial site (e.g., a well, a well device, etc.), theRTU 46 may also, as discussed above, receive analyzed data from thestream-based processing analysis system 10. Moreover, the computingdevice 34 shown in FIG. 1 may also receive the same analyzed data fromthe stream-based processing analysis system, thereby providing theoperator the opportunity to interpret the analyzed data and modify theoperating parameters of the associated industrial equipment. Moreover,since the stream-based processing analysis system 10 may have access toadditional data sources and may have more processing power as comparedto the RTU 100, the operator may have access to more accurate analysisto further increase the efficiency of the operations of the industrialequipment.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process 200 for controlling an asset (e.g.,an industrial component) using the stream-based processing analysissystem 10 shown in FIG. 1. In the instant embodiment, the process 200 isperformed by one of the servers 22 shown in FIG. 1. However, it shouldbe understood that performance of the process 200 may be distributedover multiple servers 22 within the stream-based processing analysissystem 10. Further, in some embodiments, the process 200 may beperformed by any computing device (e.g., the computing device 34 shownin FIG. 1, or a computing device associated with one or more of thenodes 12, such as the RTU 100 or the control engine 102 shown in FIG. 2)or other suitable component within the stream-based processing analysissystem 10. At block 202, data streams 204, 206, 208 are received by theserver from various respective nodes 12 and cleansed or otherwisepre-processed. As previous described, rather than being received inbatches, data is transmitted in real time or near-real time as it issensed at the node, resulting in streams of data 204, 206, 208 from thenodes to the one or more servers 22. Cleansing the data, which isdescribed in more detail with regard to FIG. 4, may include,preprocessing the data streams 204, 206, 208 and providing data from thedata streams 204, 206, 208 to the appropriate analysis engines.Preprocessing may include, for example, checking for frozen data,transforming the units of the data, identifying the type of data (e.g.,temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.), confirming that data values arewithin an expected range, generating and transmitting notifications 210if there are any issues with the data, and determining the appropriateanalysis engine. If all of the data streams 204, 206, 208 were providedto each analysis engine, each analysis engine would then have to siftthrough a large amount of irrelevant data and isolate the relevant datafor performing its assigned task (e.g., modeling the pressure dynamicsof a hydrocarbon reservoir or deposit), thus hindering the analysisengine's ability to perform analysis in real time or near real time.Accordingly, the efficiency of the stream-based processing analysissystem 10 may be improved by identifying data received via the datastreams 204, 206, 208 providing the data to the appropriate analysisengines for analysis.

At block 212, the one or more analysis engines may perform analysisbased on the data received via the data streams 204, 206, 208 in realtime or near real time (e.g., in seconds or minutes). Rather thancomparing a single value to some pre-set threshold value and thengenerating alerts or implementing some kind of control based on whetheror not the value in question exceeds the threshold value, the instanttechniques utilize data from multiple sources to gain a more completeunderstanding of the underlying state or condition and then determinewhat, if any, adjustments should be made. In some embodiments, theanalysis may include comparing data of the same type received fromdifferent data streams 204, 206, 208, updating a model (e.g., astate-based model) with multiple inputs, running scripts on the data,performing queries based on the data, updating an analysis function,applying fuzzy logic, consulting one or more truth tables, and so forth.The analysis engines may be set up to model a broad aspect of anindustrial system (e.g., output of a manufacturing system) based on alarge number of inputs, a specific aspect of an industrial system (e.g.,pressure of a reservoir or a temperature at a location of amanufacturing process), or anywhere in between. As previously discussed,the nodes that provide the data streams 204, 206, 208 may be locatedgeographically near one another (e.g., in the same industrial facility),located geographically remote from one another (e.g., located indifferent facilities), or some combination thereof. Further, the nodesmay be distributed horizontally along some production process (e.g., thenodes include or are coupled to machines performing the same or similarsteps in a process in parallel), distributed vertically along someproduction process (e.g., the nodes include or are coupled to machinesperforming different steps of a process in series), or some combinationthereof. Accordingly, one or more of the nodes may be situated upstreamor downstream from one or more other nodes. In such an embodiment, thedata provided by the upstream node or nodes may be used as inputs to amodel to generate expected values for the downstream node or nodes, towhich the data received from the downstream nodes may be compared. Inother embodiments, the nodes may be part of different, but in somecases, related processes. For example, in one embodiment related to oiland gas extraction, the nodes may be various wells extractinghydrocarbons from the same reservoir or hydrocarbon deposit. In such anembodiment, the data provided from one node may be compared to dataprovided by one or more other nodes. In a second embodiment related tooil and gas, the nodes 12 may be correspond with steps along the processof extraction and processing (e.g., extraction, separation, transport,storage, decanting, refining, etc.).

Data from the data streams 204, 206, 208 may be used to generate a modelof the underlying condition of a system or update an existing model ofthe underlying condition of the system or systems in question and thenmake determinations as to what, if anything, should be done to makeadjustments to the system or systems in question. Accordingly, as datais collected over time and the behavior of the underlying system ismonitored as the system undergoes a wider range of conditions, the modelof the system may adapt and become more robust and sophisticated.

Along these lines, in some embodiments, as data is collected, some orall of the data may be added to a database of historical data and usedto fine tune the model. If only some of the data is stored in thedatabase as historical data, decisions as to what data should be storedin the database may be made automatically or by a human expert. Forexample, when the system undergoes conditions that are unusual orotherwise noteworthy, a decision may be made to store data from before,during, and/or after that condition in the database. In someembodiments, the historical data in the database may be used to train amachine learning algorithm. The machine learning algorithm may then beused to develop a model used to analyze the data streams 204, 206, 208,or the machine learning algorithm may analyze the data streams 204, 206,208 itself to determine the underlying condition.

In some embodiments, the data received via the data streams 204, 206,208 may be accompanied by metadata (e.g., tags) or have metadataembedded in the data that may identify one or more characteristics ofthe data (e.g., the type of data, the measured parameter, the source ofthe data, the location of the data, offset values, calibration data,etc.) that may provide some context for the data and/or help sort thedata upon receipt. If data is added the database of historical data,tags may also be used include information about the conditions when thedata was collected. In some embodiments, received data may not includetags, or may include tags that are incomplete or incorrect. In such anembodiment, at block 214, new tags 216 may be generated and added to thedata as though the tags 216 had been generated at the node. The new tags216 may be added to data that was received without tags, may supplementincomplete tags that were received with the data, or may replaceincorrect tags received with the data.

At block 218, notifications 220 may be generated based on the analysisperformed at block 212 and transmitted for review. In some embodiments,the notifications may include reports and/or visualizations as to theunderlying condition of the system or systems in question, as determinedduring the analysis performed at block 212. The notifications 220 mayalso include alerts or alarms configured to inform a user that one ormore specific conditions are present. For example, a notification 220may inform a user that a part of component is malfunctioning, at risk offailure, or has broken. In other embodiments, the notification 220 mayinform a user that a pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc. is too lowor too high, etc.

At decision block 222, the server determines whether or not to suggestan action. In most cases, analysis performed at block 212 will determinethat the system or systems are performing as expected and that no actionis recommended. In such a case, the server may return to block 202 andcleanse new data received from the data streams 204, 206, 208. However,in some cases, the analysis performed at block 212 may determine thatthe underlying system or systems are not running according to somethreshold (e.g., output efficiency, power efficiency) and that someadjustment may improve operation. In such a case, server may apply theunderlying condition determined during the analysis performed at block212 to one or more decision tables in order to determine what action, ifany, should be taken to improve operation. For example, the recommendedaction may include adjusting a valve, adjusting the speed of a rotatingmotor, adjusting a heater, adjusting a pump pressure etc.

In some embodiments, the server may be pre-approved to automaticallytake any recommended action, or to automatically take a recommendedaction from an approved list of actions. For example, in someembodiments, the server may be pre-approved to adjust the temperature ofa heater, a pump pressure, a position of a valve, or a speed of arotating motor within some pre-set range of values. Accordingly, atblock 224, the server may automatically take the recommended actionwithout requesting user approval. For example, the server may generate acontrol signal or a command adjusting one or more properties for one ormore assets disposed at respective nodes. The server may then return to202 and cleanse new data received from the data streams 204, 206, 208.

However, certain actions may request user approval before implementing.In such embodiments, at block 226, the server may recommend an action tobe taken. For example, a notification recommending the action may beprovided to a user via a graphical user interface of a computing device.The user may then acknowledge the recommendation and implement therecommended action or decline to implement the recommended action. Insome embodiments, the server may execute the recommended action (block224) upon determining that approval for the recommended action has beenreceived (block 228). In some embodiments, the action may includesending a command or signal to an actuator or other component to adjustits operation (e.g., speed, temperature). In other embodiments, the usermay take action to implement the recommended action. The server may thenreturn to 202 and cleanse new data received from the data streams 204,206, 208.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart expanding the receive and cleanse data block(block 202) into a sub-process 202. At block 300, the server performs afrozen data check for the data received from the data streams 204, 206,208. For example, the server may monitor data received via the datastreams 204, 206, 208 and determine if a data field remains constant ata value for more than some threshold amount of time. For example, if ameasured pressure or flow rate stays at the same value for more than 10minutes, it may be indicative of a problem with the sensor. In otherembodiments, the server may compare data of the same type pulled frommultiple data streams 204, 206, 208. If the data from one stream doesnot move as expected with the other data streams 204, 206, 208, theremay be a problem with the sensor, the asset, or the communicationconnection.

At block 302, the server may transform the data received via the datastreams 204, 206, 208 into a desired unit value. In some embodiments,raw data may be received from the data streams 204, 206, 208 as it isreceived from the sensor (e.g., as an analog voltage or a digitalsignal). For example, temperature data collected by a thermocouple mayarrive via one of the data streams 204, 206, 208 as an analog voltagesignal. The server may then convert that signal into a desired unitvalue (e.g., degrees Fahrenheit, Centigrade, or Kelvin). In otherembodiments, the node 12 may perform some processing of the signaloutput by the sensor 14 before providing it via one of the data streams204, 206, 208. In such an embodiment, the server may convert thereceived data into a desired unit.

At block 304, the server identifies the data type of data received viathe data streams 204, 206, 208. This may be referred to as type systemanalysis. As previously discussed, in some embodiments, the datareceived via the data streams 204, 206, 208 may include tags or othermetadata that identify the type of data. If the data includes tags, theserver may assume the data is of the type identified by the tags unlessserver has reason to believe the data is of a different type. In otherembodiments, the server may analyze the values of the data, movement ofthe values over time, and other context to determine or infer the datatype. Similarly, if the received data lacks tags, the server may analyzethe values of the data, movement of the values over time, and othercontext to determine or infer the data type.

At block 306, the server may determine whether the values of thereceived data are within an expected range. For example, ranges forvarious values may be set and stored that indicate expected values forvarious data types. It should be understood, however, that these rangesare not defined based on particular operating conditions of theunderlying system or systems, but based on expected readings by thesensors 14. That is, at this stage of the process 200, the server isattempting to determine if there is a problem with the sensor 14 and notwhether there is a problem with the underlying system or systems.Accordingly, the expected value ranges applied at block 306 may be muchwider than the expected ranges when the system or systems are runningfor certain operations. For example, data may be received from atemperature sensor coupled to a component intended to heat a liquid to95 degrees Centigrade. Though the range of measured temperature valuesduring one operation may range from 90 to 95 degrees Centigrade, theexpected range of values associated with the health of the sensor forblock 306 may be much wider, for example −250 to 500 Centigrade.

At decision block 308, the server may determine whether anynotifications 220 are needed. If there is a problem with any of steps300, 302, 304, and 306, the server may generate notifications 220 andtransmit them to a user 310. That is, if the server determines thatthere is some problem with data received from the data streams 204, 206,208, the server may generate a notification to let the user know of theproblem before sending the data to one or more analysis engines foranalysis. For example, if the server determines that the received dataincludes frozen data, the server is unable to transform the units of thedata, the server is unable to identify the data type 304, or the some ofthe values of the received data fall outside of expected sensor ranges,the server may alert the use to a possible problem with the receiveddata.

At block 312, the server determines the appropriate analysis engine orengines to which the received data should be sent. The appropriateanalysis engine or engines may be determined based on data type, datasource, time of collection, some other factor, or a combination thereof.As previously described, for a given system or systems, multipleanalysis engines may be running in parallel to model different aspectsof the system or systems. As such, in order to provide real time or nearreal time analysis, the analysis engines should only be provided withdata that will be used to perform the analysis. Put another way, if allof the data received via the data streams 204, 206, 208 was provided toevery analysis engine and each analysis engine was tasked with filteringout irrelevant data for the analysis the analysis engine is tasked withperforming, for even somewhat complex systems, the analysis enginescould become overloaded with data and unable to perform analysis in realtime or near real time. The received data may then be separated andduplicated as needed and then transmitted to the appropriate analysisengine or engines (blocks 314, 316, 318).

It should be understood that though various steps of data cleansing areshown in FIG. 4 in a particular order, the order of steps, such asblocks 300, 302, 304, and 306 may be changed in some embodiments.Further, some embodiments of data cleansing may omit one or more of theblocks shown, or may add one or more additional steps. Further, in someembodiments, one or more of the actions in blocks 300, 302, 304, and 306may be performed by the analysis engine rather than being performedbefore being provided to an analysis engine, as shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a process 340 that expands the identify datablock 304 of FIG. 4 into a subprocess 304. As shown, data is received(block 202) from multiple data streams 204, 206, 208. At block 342, theserver parses the data received from the various data streams 204, 206,208 to group portions of data by type and identify the type of eachportion of data. In some embodiments, the data streams 204, 206, 208 mayinclude metadata that identifies the data type or some othercharacteristic that may be used as context to identify the data type(e.g., units, location where data was generated, source of the data,manufacturer, model, serial number of the asset that generated the data,protocol of transmission, etc.). In some embodiments, the server may beable to identify or infer the data type based on the values of the dataand how the values change over time. For example, the server know basedon the range of value received via a data stream and the rate of changein the values that the data likely corresponds to well pressure for anESP well. In other embodiments, the server may compare data received viaa data stream to data received via a different data stream of a knowntype or historical data of a known type to determine the type of data.

At block 344, once the data types for the various data streams 204, 206,208 are known, the server may compare data received from the variousdata streams 204, 206, 208 that is determined to be of the same datatype. Comparing data of the same type received from different datastreams 204, 206, 208 allows the server to quickly and easily identifyone or more nodes in a system that are experiencing a differentcondition from the other nodes in the system. For example, if oneartificial lift device of a collection of artificial lift devices has asurface card that does not match the surface cards of the otherartificial lift devices pumping from the same reservoir, the server mayrecognize this discrepancy more quickly by performing stream-basedprocessing based on type. In some embodiments, when data is compared,the server may synchronize the data such that data of the same type fromdifferent data streams 204, 206, 208 may be compared at the same time,or at approximately the same time. In instances in which some eventoccurs that causes data values to change, synchronizing data fromdifferent data streams 204, 206, 208 may be useful in gaining a morecomplete understanding of what is taking place before, during, and/orafter the event. In some embodiments, synchronizing the data may be doneusing timestamps that accompany the data, metadata, or based on knownsampling rates. In other embodiments, changes in values associated withevents that appear in multiple data streams 204, 206, 208 may be used tosynchronize the data.

Comparing data of the same type from various data streams 204, 206, 208may include comparing differences to raw threshold numbers, thresholdpercentages, standard deviations, and so forth. The thresholds may bemanually set by a person, set algorithmically based on historical data,set by a machine learning algorithm, etc. At decision block 346, theserver determines whether the difference in the data exceeds thethreshold value or is outside of some acceptable range. If not, theserver returns to block 202 and continues to receive data from the datastreams 204, 206, 208. If yes, the server proceeds to block 348 andgenerates a notification and/or determines a recommended action to betaken at one or more of the nodes to return the industrial system to amore desirable operating condition. In some embodiments, the server mayproceed to modify operation of one or more of the assets disposed at oneor more of the nodes. In other embodiments, the server may recommend anaction for approval by a user. In a further embodiment, the notificationmay be provided to the user informing the user that the data may not becorrect, that an action is recommended, or that operation should bestopped.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a process 360 for identifying drift andadjusting threshold values. Data is received (block 202) from multipledata streams 204, 206, 208. At block 342, as previously described, theserver parses data received from the various data streams 204, 206, 208to group portions of data by type and identify the type of each portionof data. As previously described, identifying the type of a portion ofdata may include extracting and analyzing metadata, or using some othercharacteristic of the data as context to identify the data type (e.g.,location where data was generated, source of the data, manufacturer,model, serial number of the asset that generated the data, etc.). Ifdata type is not identified by metadata or other identifyingcharacteristics, the server may be able to identify or infer the datatype based on the values of the data and how the values change overtime. In other embodiments, the server may compare data received via adata stream to data received via a different data stream of a known typeor historical data of a known type to determine the type of data.

At block 344, once the data types for the various data streams 204, 206,208 are known, the server may compare data received from the variousdata streams 204, 206, 208 that is determined to be of the same datatype. Comparing data of the same type from various data streams 204,206, 208 may include comparing differences to raw threshold numbers,threshold percentages, standard deviations, and so forth. The thresholdsmay be manually set by a person, set algorithmically based on historicaldata, set by a machine learning algorithm, etc. At decision block 362,the server determines of the data is drifting upward or downward, or ifthere are other notable data trends. In some embodiments, thisdetermination may be made by comparing data from one or more datastreams 204, 206, 208 to data from the other data streams 204, 206, 208over time. In other embodiments, data from the data streams 204, 206,208 may be compared to historical data (e.g., stored in a database) fromthe same or similar sources to identify drift or other trends. If driftor other trends are not present, the server returns to block 202 andreceives data from the data streams 204, 206, 208. If drift or othertrends are present, the server may adjust the threshold values (block364) to account for the drift and/or data trends. In some embodiments,the server may run an analysis to confirm that the drift is not theresult of a condition that should be addressed (e.g., a slow leakcausing pressure to drift downward). If the drift is determined to notbe indicative of a condition to be addressed, the server may model thedrift over the sampled period and/or analyze historical data stored in adatabase to model the drift and determine where the new threshold valuesshould be set. In some embodiments, fuzzy logic may be used inconjunction with one or more truth tables and one or more decisiontables to determine the new threshold values. In other embodiments,historical data stored in a database may be used (e.g., by a machinelearning algorithm) to set the new threshold values.

Returning to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, fuzzy logic may be used atblock 212 in place of or in addition to quantitative data analysis.Fuzzy logic provides a nonanalytic alternative to traditional controltheory. Specifically, based on a collection of states, an underlyingcondition may be determined. For example, rather than using one or morequantitative values (e.g., the temperature is 45 degrees Centigrade), acollection of states or qualitative observations (e.g., high/low,hot/cold, on/off, fast/slow, etc.) are used to determine an underlyingcondition. However, it should be understood that fuzzy logic may be usedto analyze quantitative data received from sensors via the data streams204, 206, 208. Indeed, use of fuzzy logic to analyze data received fromsensors via the data streams 204, 206, 208 may be significantly lesscomputationally resource intensive such that using fuzzy logic may bemore efficient than quantitative data analysis. For example, for eachdata point received via the data streams 204, 206, 208, the value may becompared to a threshold value for that type of data to determine a stateof each data point (e.g., high or low based whether the value is aboveor below the threshold value). The various states may then be pluggedinto one or more models and/or one or more truth tables to determine adegree of truth value for a plurality of different possible conditions,each indicating the likelihood that the condition is present.

For example, FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a first bar graph visualization400 of degree of truth values for a number of conditions for an oil andgas well experiencing a problem. As previously described, sensor datamay be collected from multiple sensors 14 disposed throughout the well.The sensor data may have been received in states or converted intostates after being received. The states may then be input to one or moretruth tables to determine degree of truth values to a range of possibleconditions. As shown, the condition 402 with the highest degree of truthis “choke open” at a degree of truth value of 41.0. If the degree oftruth value exceeds a set threshold, the analysis system may determinethat the choke is likely open and consult a decision table to determinea recommended action. However, if the degree of truth value for eachcondition is below the set threshold, the analysis system may determinethat the condition of the well cannot be determined at the time.

FIG. 8 is an embodiment of a second bar graph visualization 450 ofdegree of truth values for the number of conditions for the oil and gaswell experiencing a different problem. As shown, the condition 452 withthe highest degree of truth is “gas lock” at a degree of truth value of69.0. If the degree of truth value exceeds a set threshold, as is likelythe case here, the analysis system may determine that a gas lock haslikely occurred and consult a decision table to determine a recommendedaction.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a process 500 for using fuzzy logic in astream-based processing analysis system 10. At block 504, states arereceived by the server via the data streams 204, 206, 208. As previouslydiscussed, in some embodiments, quantitative data may be received viathe data streams 204, 206, 208 and converted to states by comparing thequantitative data to one or more thresholds. At block 506, the states ofmultiple nodes are provided as inputs to one or more models and/or oneor more truth tables to determine a degree of truth value for each of aplurality of possible conditions indicating the likelihood that thecondition is present. Each of the truth tables may correspond to acomponent, a collection of components, a subsystem, a system, etc. ofthe industrial environment. The server may use fuzzy logic to analyzedata from multiple data sources to understand the underlying conditionof the system. For example, if a first asset provides a data streamindicating that pressure is high and a second asset, downstream from thefirst asset, provides a data stream indicating that the pressure is low,the server may use fuzzy logic to determine that there is a leak betweenthe first asset and the second asset. In some embodiments, one or moreof the truth tables may be multi-factor truth tables. That is, theserver may recognize that the conditions of multiple operationallyrelated assets may correlate to one another. Accordingly, the server mayunderstand the correlation and recommend actions at, or send commandsto, multiple assets when certain conditions are fond to be present.Similarly, the server may use fuzzy logic, machine learning, or otherdisclosed techniques to understand how different variables at the sameor related assets correlate with one another or are otherwise related toone another. At decision block 508, the degree of truth values (e.g.,probability that the condition is present) for each condition arecompared to a threshold value. If none of the degree of truth valuesexceeds the threshold value, the server returns to block 504 andreceives additional data from the data streams 204, 206, 208. However,if one of the degree of truth values exceeds the threshold value, theserver proceeds to block 510 and consults one or more decision tables todetermine what, if anything, should be done to address the condition.Accordingly, fuzzy logic operations may be used on the data received viathe data streams 204, 206, 208 to make truth determinations based onwhether the data received from the data streams 204, 206, 208 confirmsone or more truth models. Thus, a collection of states may be used todetermine an underlying condition in an industrial environment. Each ofthe decision tables may correspond to one or more components within thesystem. Based on the one or more conditions input to one or moredecision tables, the decision tables may help to identify what actionsshould be taken at respective assets to address the condition. In someembodiments, the server may generate a notification 512 to betransmitted (block 514) to the user for review (e.g., via the computingdevice) to notify the user of the condition.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a process 550 for analyzing data from adownstream node by comparing it to a model based on data from anupstream node. At block 202, data is received from an upstream node viathe first data stream 204 and from a downstream node via the second datastream 206. For simplicity, only two data streams are shown in FIG. 10,however, it should be understood that the same techniques may be usedwith data streams from more than two nodes. At block 552, data receivedfrom a first asset at a first node via the first data stream 204 is usedto model a condition for a second asset disposed at a second node,downstream of the first node. The model may be based on raw measurementstaken at the first node (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.),based on an underlying condition at the first node, based on a state ofthe first asset of the first node, etc. At block 554, the server usesthe model of the second asset disposed at the second node to generate aset of expected ranges that the server would expect to receive from thesecond asset disposed at the second node via the second data stream 206.At decision block 556, the server compares the data received from thesecond data stream 206 to the expected ranges. If the data received fromthe second asset at the second node via the second data stream 206 iswithin the expected values, the server may return to block 202 andreceive more data from the data streams 204, 206. However, if the datareceived from the second asset at the second node via the second datastream 206 is not within the expected ranges, the server may generate anotification or recommend an action to adjust operation of the first orsecond asset (block 558) to bring data output by the second asset at thesecond node within the expected ranges. Though the instant embodimentincludes assets disposed at upstream and downstream nodes, it should beunderstood that similar techniques may be used to use data from one ormore nodes within an industrial environment to generate expected dataranges at one or more other nodes within the industrial environment andthen compare measured data from those other nodes to the expected rangesas a way to analyze one or more assets operating within an industrialenvironment.

Example Implementations of Stream-Based Processing

As previously discussed, the stream-based processing analysis system 10may be implemented with nodes 12 distributed horizontally and/orvertically at various locations throughout the hydrocarbon productionchain. FIG. 11 is a schematic 600 illustrating various operationsinvolved in hydrocarbon production. Box 602 represents oil and gasextraction. The extracted fluid is then separated into oil, gas, andwater. The separated oil goes through an oil treatment and storage 604process and then through a fiscal measurement process 612. The gas goesthrough a gas treatment and compression process 606. The water goesthrough a water treatment and disposal process 608. In some embodiments,the water may be used for an enhanced oil recovery process 610. For oiland gas applications, the nodes 12 of the stream-based processinganalysis system 10 may be distributed horizontally along the hydrocarbonproduction chain, distributed vertically along some production process(e.g., the nodes include or are coupled to machines performing differentsteps of a process in series, or some combination thereof. In otherembodiments, the nodes 12 may be part of different, but in some cases,related processes. For example, in one embodiment related to oil and gasextraction, the nodes 12 may be various wells extracting hydrocarbonsfrom the same reservoir or deposit. In a second embodiment related tooil and case, the nodes 12 may correspond with steps along the processof extraction and processing (e.g., extraction, separation, transport,storage, decanting, refining, etc.

Hydrocarbon Production

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustrating how stream-based processing may beapplied at a hydrocarbon site 700 of a hydrocarbon extraction system.The hydrocarbon site 700 may be an area in which hydrocarbons, such ascrude oil and natural gas, may be extracted from the ground, processed,and stored. As such, the hydrocarbon site 700 may include a number ofwells and a number of well devices that may control the flow ofhydrocarbons being extracted from the wells. In one embodiment, the welldevices at the hydrocarbon site 700 may include any device equipped tomonitor and/or control production of hydrocarbons at a well site. Assuch, the well devices may include pumpjacks 702, submersible pumps 704,well trees 706, and the like. After the hydrocarbons are extracted fromthe surface via the well devices, the extracted hydrocarbons may bedistributed to other devices such as wellhead distribution manifolds708, separators 710, storage tanks 712, and the like. At the hydrocarbonsite 700, the pumpjacks 702, submersible pumps 704, well trees 706,wellhead distribution manifolds 708, separators 710, and storage tanks712 may be connected together via a network of pipelines 714. As such,hydrocarbons extracted from a reservoir may be transported to variouslocations at the hydrocarbon site 700 via the network of pipelines 714.

The pumpjack 702 may mechanically lift hydrocarbons (e.g., oil) out of awell when a bottom hole pressure of the well is not sufficient toextract the hydrocarbons to the surface. The submersible pump 704 may bean assembly that may be submerged in a hydrocarbon liquid that may bepumped. As such, the submersible pump 704 may include a hermeticallysealed motor, such that liquids may not penetrate the seal into themotor. Further, the hermetically sealed motor may push hydrocarbons fromunderground areas or the reservoir to the surface.

The well trees 706 or Christmas trees may be an assembly of valves,spools, and fittings used for natural flowing wells. As such, the welltrees 706 may be used for an oil well, gas well, water injection well,water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well, and the like.The wellhead distribution manifolds 708 may collect the hydrocarbonsthat may have been extracted by the pumpjacks 702, the submersible pumps704, and the well trees 706, such that the collected hydrocarbons may berouted to various hydrocarbon processing or storage areas in thehydrocarbon site 700.

The separator 710 may include a pressure vessel that may separate wellfluids produced from oil and gas wells into separate gas and liquidcomponents. For example, the separator 710 may separate hydrocarbonsextracted by the pumpjacks 702, the submersible pumps 704, or the welltrees 706 into oil components, gas components, and water components.After the hydrocarbons have been separated, each separated component maybe stored in a particular storage tank 712. The hydrocarbons stored inthe storage tanks 712 may be transported via the pipelines 714 totransport vehicles, refineries, and the like.

The hydrocarbon site 700 may also include or be a part of thestream-based processing analysis system 10. As previously discussed, thestream-based processing analysis system 10 may include a plurality ofnodes 12 placed at various locations in the hydrocarbon site 700 tomonitor or provide information related to certain aspects of thehydrocarbon site 700. For example, each node 12 may include the RTU, orany computing device that may include communication abilities,processing abilities, and the like. For discussion purposes, the nodes12 will be embodied as the RTUs 100, or groups of RTUs 100 throughoutthe hydrocarbon site 700. However, it should be understood that the node12 may be any component capable of monitoring and/or controlling variouscomponents at the hydrocarbon site 700.

As previously discussed, each RTU 100 may include sensors or may becoupled to various sensors that may monitor various propertiesassociated with a component at the hydrocarbon site 700. The RTU 100 maythen analyze the various properties associated with the component andmay control various operational parameters of the component. Forexample, the RTU 100 may measure a pressure or a differential pressureof a well or a component (e.g., storage tank 712) in the hydrocarbonsite 700. The RTU 100 may also measure a temperature of contents storedinside a component in the hydrocarbon site 700, an amount ofhydrocarbons being processed or extracted by components in thehydrocarbon site 700, and the like. The RTU 100 may also measure a levelor amount of hydrocarbons stored in a component, such as the storagetank 712.

In one embodiment, the RTU 100 may include a sensor that may measurepressure, temperature, fill level, flow rates, and the like. The RTU 100may also include a transmitter, such as a radio wave transmitter, thatmay transmit data acquired by the sensor via an antenna or the like. Thesensor in the RTU 100 may be wireless sensors that may be capable ofreceive and sending data signals between RTUs 100. The RTU 100 maytransmit data acquired by the sensor or data processed by a processor toother monitoring systems, a router device, a supervisory control anddata acquisition (SCADA) device, or the like. As such, the RTU 100 mayenable users to monitor various properties of various components in thehydrocarbon site 700 without being physically located near thecorresponding components.

In operation, the RTU 100 may receive real-time or near real-time dataassociated with a well device. The data may include, for example, tubinghead pressure, tubing head temperature, case head pressure, flowlinepressure, wellhead pressure, wellhead temperature, and the like. In anycase, the RTU 100 may analyze the real-time data with respect to staticdata that may be stored in a memory of the RTU 100. The static data mayinclude a well depth, a tubing length, a tubing size, a choke size, areservoir pressure, a bottom hole temperature, well test data, fluidproperties of the hydrocarbons being extracted, and the like. The RTU100 may also analyze the real-time data with respect to other dataacquired by various types of instruments (e.g., water cut meter,multiphase meter) to determine an inflow performance relationship (IPR)curve, a desired operating point for the wellhead, key performanceindicators (KPIs) associated with the wellhead, wellhead performancesummary reports, and the like. Although the RTU 100 may be capable ofperforming the above-referenced analyses, the RTU 100 may not be capableof performing the analyses in a timely manner. Moreover, by just relyingon the processor capabilities of the RTU 100, the RTU 100 is limited inthe amount and types of analyses that it may perform. Moreover, sincethe RTU 100 may be limited in size, the data storage abilities may alsobe limited.

Keeping the foregoing in mind, in certain embodiments, the RTU 100 mayestablish a communication link with the stream-based processing analysissystem 10 described above. As such, the stream-based processing analysissystem 10 may use its larger processing capabilities to analyze dataacquired by multiple RTUs 100 in real time or near real time todetermine a condition at the hydrocarbon site 700 based on datacollected from the various RTUs 100 or nodes 12. Moreover, thestream-based processing analysis system may access historical dataassociated with the respective RTU 100, data associated with welldevices associated with the respective RTU 100, data associated with thehydrocarbon site 700 associated with the respective RTU 100 and the liketo further analyze the data acquired by the multiple RTUs 100 anddetermine a condition at the hydrocarbon site 700 based on the collecteddata.

For example, in one embodiment, a plurality of RTUs 100 may collect datafrom multiple submersible pump wells 704 extracting hydrocarbons fromthe same reservoir and provide streams of data to the stream-basedprocessing analysis system 10. The stream-based processing analysissystem 10 may examine a plurality of parameters (e.g., 5-8 parameters)for each well and determine that one or more of the wells isexperiencing a problem. For example, the server 22 may receive similarstream-based operational data from all but one submersible pump well704. Since each of the stream-based datasets from the submersible pumpwells 704 are related to the same reservoir, the server 22 may determinethat the single submersible pump well 704 is experiencing a problem dueto the fact that the other similar type of submersible pump wells 704operating in the same reservoir do not have data that matches the singlesubmersible pump well 704. In some embodiments, the analysis foridentifying the problem may also include, for example, applying a model,performing fuzzy logic, etc. to determine a condition of the wells, andin some cases, a degree of confidence in that condition. Afteridentifying the problem or the problematic dataset, the server 22 maythen consult one or more decision tables to determine a recommendedaction. The decision table may be prepopulated with certain actions forvarious circumstances. However, it should be noted that the server 22may also employ artificial intelligence modules or schemes to determinean action to perform to address the identified problem. For example, theserver 22 may analyze the other streaming data received from componentswithin a proximity of the one submersible pump well 704. The server 22may then determine whether the streaming data acquired by adjacentcomponents of the one submersible pump well 704 matches expected valuesor matches the values received from adjacent components of the othersubmersible pump wells 704. If the values of the adjacent component doesnot match an expected value, the server 22 may determine that a problemmay exist in the one submersible pump well 704 that may involve atechnician to repair. As such, the server 22 may send a command to theone submersible pump well 704 to shut down or stop operations. If thedecision tables result in multiple possible recommended actions, thestream-based processing analysis system 10 may perform some additionalanalysis (e.g., risk/reward, calculating cost, probability of success,etc.) to determine a preferred action.

In another oil and gas example, multiple wells (e.g., submersible pumpwells 704) may provide fluid to a single separator 710. The separatormay be outfitted with an RTU 100 that acts as a node 12 and includes awater cut sensor to determine the ratio of water in the fluid. Each ofthe wells 704 may also include an RTU 100 that acts as a node 12,however, each of the wells may not be outfitted with a water cut sensorin order to reduce costs. The stream-based processing analysis system 10may collect data from the various nodes 12 and/or wells 704. Thestream-based processing analysis system 10 may recognize that theincoming data is of the same type and compare data from each of multipledata streams to determine that the ratio of water in the fluid beingprovided to the separator 710 by the wells 704 has a higher ratio ofwater than desired. This determination may be made, for example, byusing the received data to update a model, using fuzzy logic todetermine a state for each of the incoming data streams and infer anunderlying condition based on the collection of states, by directlycomparing the data from multiple data streams, etc. The stream-basedprocessing analysis system 10 may then determine based on the othermeasured values (pressures, flow rates, etc.) which of the wells 704 isresponsible to the high ratio of water. The condition or conditions maythen act as inputs for one or more decision tables, a machine learningalgorithm, a script, etc. to determine an action to bring the water cutback into a desirable range. For example, the stream-based processinganalysis system 10 may choke down or shut down the well in question tobring the water cut back to the desired range.

In a third embodiment, the well tress 706 may be used for gas injectionwells and outfitted with RTUs 100 that act as a nodes 12. Thestream-based processing analysis system 10 may determine based on datacollected from the various nodes that back pressure is building up inone or more of the wells. For example, data of the same type from thevarious nodes may be compared to identify outlier nodes. In someembodiments, once an outlier node has been identified, one or moremodels, one or more truth tables, machine learning algorithms, fuzzylogic algorithms, scripts, or some combination thereof, may be used toperform additional analysis to determine why backpressure is buildingand then determine what action should be taken to relieve the backpressure (e.g., via one or more decision tables, machine learning, ahistorical database, etc.). In other embodiments, data collected fromthe RTUs 100 may be used to model the underlying condition. In somecases, data from each of the RTUs may be compared to the model todetermine if data from any of the RTUs 100 deviate from the expectedvalues. The stream-based processing analysis system 10 may thendetermine what, if anything should be done to bring the asset associatedwith the RTU 100 back into a more desirable operating condition. Forexample, the stream-based processing analysis system 10 may then usedata collected at the nodes to determine what actions should be taken torelieve the backpressure. Further, the stream-based processing analysissystem 10 may then flag data leading up to the back pressure build up,combine the data with data from other instances of backpressure buildup, and use machine learning to identify the conditions correlated withthe back pressure buildup such that future instances of back pressurebuild up can be caught earlier or avoided all together.

Chemical Processing

Though FIGS. 10 and 11 describe specific applications of thestream-based processing analysis system to various aspects of oil andgas production, it should be understood that the application of thestream-based processing analysis system is not limited to oil and gasproduction. For example, FIG. 13 is a schematic of a chemical process800 that may utilize the stream-based processing analysis system. Step1A 802 has a single input and Step 1B 804 has two inputs and a singleoutput. The outputs of Step 1A 802 and Step 1B 804 are combined in Step2 806, which has a single output. Step 3 808 has a single input and twooutputs. One of the outputs is directed to a disposal 810 and the otheroutput is directed to Step 4 812, which has a single input and a singleoutput. As shown, the sensors 14 may be disposed throughout the processto measure various parameters (e.g., pressure, temperature, flow rate,etc.) during the process. The sensors 14 may then provide data to thestream-based processing analysis system for analysis. In someembodiments, each sensor 14 may be considered a node. In otherembodiments, two or more of the sensors 14 may be grouped to form anode. The stream-based processing analysis system 10 may analyze datacollected from the various nodes in real time or near real time anddetermine what, if anything should be done to improve the process 800.In some embodiments, sensor data of the same type from different nodesmay be compared to determine when data from a node is outside of anexpected range. In other embodiments, data from a cluster of nodes maybe compared to determine if any outlier nodes are experiencing acondition that should be addressed. In further embodiments, data fromupstream nodes may be used to model a condition at one or moredownstream nodes. The data provided by the one or more downstream nodesmay then be compared to the expected values produced by the model toevaluate if the asset associated with the downstream node is operatingas desired. For example, the stream-based processing analysis system maydetermine that a flow rate between Step 3 808 and Step 4 812 is lessthan desired, determine that opening a valve that controls the one ofthe inputs to Step 1B 804 is likely to solve the problem, and theneither automatically take that action or recommend that a user take thataction.

Food and Beverage Processing

Additionally, the stream-based processing analysis system may be used inthe food and beverage industry (e.g., with a food and/or beverageprocessing system). For example, FIG. 14 illustrates an exampleindustrial automation system 900 utilizing stream-based processingemployed by a food manufacturer. The example industrial automationsystem 900 for a food manufacturer may include silos 902 and tanks 904.The silos 902 and the tanks 904 may store different types of rawmaterial, such as grains, salt, yeast, sweeteners, flavoring agents,coloring agents, vitamins, minerals, and preservatives. In someembodiments, sensors 14 may be positioned within or around the silos902, the tanks 904, or other suitable locations within the industrialautomation system 900 to measure certain properties, such astemperature, mass, volume, pressure, humidity, and the like.

The raw materials may be provided to a mixer 906, which may mix the rawmaterials together according to a specified ratio. The mixer 906 andother machines in the industrial automation system 900 may employcertain industrial automation devices 908 to control the operations ofthe mixer 906 and other machines. The industrial automation devices 908may include controllers, input/output (I/O) modules, motor controlcenters, motors, human machine interfaces (HMIs), operator interfaces,contactors, starters, sensors 14, actuators, conveyors, drives, relays,protection devices, switchgear, compressors, sensor, actuator, firewall,network switches (e.g., Ethernet switches, modular-managed,fixed-managed, service-router, industrial, unmanaged, etc.) and thelike.

The mixer 906 may provide a mixed compound to a depositor 910, which maydeposit a certain amount of the mixed compound onto conveyor 912. Thedepositor 910 may deposit the mixed compound on the conveyor 912according to a shape and amount that may be specified to a controlsystem for the depositor 910. The conveyor 912 may be any suitableconveyor system that transports items to various types of machineryacross the industrial automation system 900. For example, the conveyor912 may transport deposited material from the depositor 910 to an oven914, which may bake the deposited material. The baked material may betransported to a cooling tunnel 916 to cool the baked material, suchthat the cooled material may be transported to a tray loader 918 via theconveyor 912. The tray loader 918 may include machinery that receives acertain amount of the cooled material for packaging. By way of example,the tray loader 918 may receive 25 ounces of the cooled material, whichmay correspond to an amount of cereal provided in a cereal box.

A tray wrapper 920 may receive a collected amount of cooled materialfrom the tray loader 918 into a bag, which may be sealed. The traywrapper 920 may receive the collected amount of cooled material in a bagand seal the bag using appropriate machinery. The conveyor 912 maytransport the bagged material to case packer 922, which may package thebagged material into a box. The boxes may be transported to a palletizer924, which may stack a certain number of boxes on a pallet that may belifted using a forklift or the like. The stacked boxes may then betransported to a shrink wrapper 926, which may wrap the stacked boxeswith shrink-wrap to keep the stacked boxes together while on the pallet.The shrink-wrapped boxes may then be transported to storage or the likevia a forklift or other suitable transport vehicle.

To perform the operations of each of the devices in the exampleindustrial automation system 900, the industrial automation devices 908may be used to provide power to the machinery used to perform certaintasks, provide protection to the machinery from electrical surges,prevent injuries from occurring with human operators in the industrialautomation system 900, monitor the operations of the respective device,communicate data regarding the respective device to a supervisorycontrol system 928, and the like. In some embodiments, each industrialautomation device 908 or a group of industrial automation devices 908may be controlled using a local control system 930. The local controlsystem 932 may include receive data regarding the operation of therespective industrial automation device 908, other industrial automationdevices 908, user inputs, and other suitable inputs to and usestream-base processing to control the operations of the respectiveindustrial automation device(s) 908.

The stream-based processing analysis system 10 may analyze datacollected from the various nodes in real time or near real time anddetermine what, if anything should be done to improve the industrialautomation system 900. In some embodiments, sensor data of the same typefrom different nodes may be compared to determine when data from a nodeis outside of an expected range. In other embodiments, data from acluster of nodes may be compared to determine if any outlier nodes areexperiencing a condition that should be addressed. In furtherembodiments, data from upstream nodes may be used to model a conditionat one or more downstream nodes. The data provided by the one or moredownstream nodes may then be compared to the expected values produced bythe model to evaluate if the asset associated with the downstream nodeis operating as desired. In some embodiments, the analysis foridentifying the problem may also include, for example, applying a model,performing fuzzy logic, etc. to determine a condition of the one or moreassets within the industrial automation system 900, and in some cases, adegree of confidence in that condition. After identifying the problem orthe problematic dataset, the server may consult one or more decisiontables to determine a recommended action. The decision table may beprepopulated with certain actions for various circumstances. However,the server may also employ artificial intelligence techniques todetermine an action to perform to address the identified problem. Forexample, the server may analyze the other streaming data received fromcomponents within a proximity of an asset of the industrial automationsystem 900. The server may then determine whether the streaming dataacquired by adjacent components of the asset matches expected values ormatches the values received from adjacent components. If the values ofthe adjacent component does not match an expected value, the server maydetermine that a problem may exist in the asset that may involve atechnician to repair. As such, the server may send a command to theasset or the larger industrial automation system 900 to shut down orstop operations.

Mining

As with previously discussed embodiments in which stream-basedprocessing is used to monitor and control multiple wells extractinghydrocarbons from a single reservoir, embodiments are also envisaged formonitoring and controlling multiple mining assemblies mining a singleformation. For example, returning to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, aplurality of nodes 12 may collect data from multiple mining assembliesextracting materials from the same formation. The stream-basedprocessing analysis system 10 may examine one or more parameter for eachnode 12 and determine that one or more of the nodes 12 is experiencing aproblem. For example, the server 22 may receive similar stream-basedoperational data from all but one node 12. Since each of thestream-based datasets from the nodes 12 are related to the sameformation, the server 22 may determine that the single mining assemblyis experiencing a problem due to the fact that the other miningassemblies operating on the same formation do not have data that matchesthe single mining assembly. In some embodiments, the analysis foridentifying the problem may also include, for example, applying a model,performing fuzzy logic, etc. to determine a condition of the miningassemblies, and in some cases, a degree of confidence in that condition.After identifying the problem or the problematic dataset, the server 22may then consult one or more decision tables to determine a recommendedaction. The decision table may be prepopulated with certain actions forvarious circumstances. However, it should be noted that the server 22may also employ artificial intelligence modules or schemes to determinean action to perform to address the identified problem. For example, theserver 22 may analyze the other streaming data received from componentswithin a proximity of the one mining assembly. The server 22 may thendetermine whether the streaming data acquired by adjacent components ofthe one mining assembly matches expected values or matches the valuesreceived from adjacent components of the other mining assemblies. If thevalues of the adjacent mining assembly does not match an expected value,the server 22 may determine that a problem may exist in the one miningassembly that may involve a technician to repair. As such, the server 22may send a command to the one mining assembly to shut down or stopoperations. If the decision tables result in multiple possiblerecommended actions, the stream-based processing analysis system 10 mayperform some additional analysis (e.g., risk/reward, calculating cost,probability of success, etc.) to determine a preferred action.

The disclosed techniques include receiving streams of data from multiplenodes within the network, using the data received via the data streamsto model one or more underlying conditions in real time or near realtime (e.g., within seconds or minutes), and then determine what, ifanything, should be done to control one or more of the assets within thenetwork to make the industrial process run more efficiently. Theanalysis may include, for example, using one or more analysis engines tomaintain one or more models (e.g., state based models) of variousaspects of the industrial process, run scripts or routines on thereceived data, performing queries based on the data, updating ananalysis function, applying fuzzy logic, consulting one or more truthtables, and so forth to analyze the received data in real time or nearreal time. In some embodiments, the received data may be cleansed orpreprocessed to check for frozen data, transform units, identify datatypes, provide relevant data to the appropriate analysis engines, etc.Based on the underlying condition, decision tables may be referenced todetermine what, if any, action to recommend. In some embodiments, therecommended action may be automatically taken. In other embodiments, therecommended action may be recommended to a user for approval before theaction is taken. In further embodiments, the recommended may berecommended for the user to complete on her or her own. Accordingly, thedisclosed techniques provide real time or near real time feedback forone or more assets within a multi-node network based on a holistic modelof the network generated using streams of data provided by multiplenodes.

While only certain features of the present disclosure have beenillustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes willoccur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understoodthat the appended claims are intended to cover all such modificationsand changes as fall within the true spirit of the embodiments describedherein.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a first assetdisposed at a first location in an industrial system configured toperform one or more operations; a second asset disposed at a secondlocation in the industrial system; and a server device communicativelycoupled to the first asset and the second asset, wherein the serverdevice is configured to: receive a first set of stream-based data fromthe first asset; receive a second set of stream-based data from thesecond asset; identify in the first set of stream-based data, a firstportion to have a first data type as one of a temperature type, apressure type, or a flow rate type; identify in the second set ofstream-based data, a second portion to have a second data type, whereinthe second data type is same as the first data type, wherein the seconddata type is identified based at least in part on the values of thesecond portion of the second set of stream-based data and changes of thevalues over a time period; determine whether the first portion of thefirst set of stream-based data corresponds to an expected range ofvalues based on the second portion of the second set of stream-baseddata; and send a command to the first asset to adjust a first set ofoperations in response to the first portion of the first set ofstream-based data not being within the expected range of values.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the first portion and the second portion areassociated with a type of device coupled to a common hydrocarbondeposit.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the type of device comprisesa separator device, an electric submersible pump, a valve, or a remoteterminal unit.
 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the type of device isdetermined based on a manufacturer of the first asset and the secondasset.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the server device is configuredto: monitor a first alarm limit drift with respect to the first portionof the first set of stream-based data; and adjust a second alarm limitfor the second portion of the second set of data based on the firstalarm drift.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the industrial systemcomprises a chemical processing system, a food and beverage processingsystem, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a mining system.
 7. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the server device is configured to: receivesensor data representative of the one or more operations; determine astate of the industrial system by applying a fuzzy logic algorithmcomprising a relationship between the first portion, the second portion,and the sensor data; and send an additional command to the first assetor the second asset based on the state.
 8. The system of claim 1,wherein the server device is configured to determine a state associatedwith the first asset based on fuzzy logic, a first plurality of datasetsfrom the first set of stream-based data, and a second plurality ofdatasets from the second set of stream-based data.
 9. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the server device is configured to: recognize that thefirst portion of the first set of stream-based data does not includemetadata; determine a data type of the first portion; generate newmetadata for the first portion; and add the new metadata to the firstportion.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the server device isconfigured to: determine a first state of the first portion; determine asecond state of the second portion; determine a degree of truth valuefor each of a plurality of conditions by applying the first state andthe second state to one or more fuzzy logic truth tables; and determinewhether each of the degree of truth values for each of the plurality ofconditions exceeds a respective condition threshold value.
 11. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein the server device is configured to:determine that a first condition of the plurality of conditions iscorrelated with a second condition of the plurality of conditions; andsend a second command to the second asset to adjust a second set ofoperations.
 12. The system of claim 10, comprising utilizing the one ormore fuzzy logic truth tables to recognize drift in the first set ofstream-based data or the second set of stream-based data and adjusting afirst alarm limit for the first portion of the first set of data or asecond alarm limit for the second portion of the second set of databased on the drift.
 13. A method, comprising: receiving a first set ofstream-based data from a first asset disposed at a first location in anindustrial system configured to perform one or more operations;receiving a second set of stream-based data from a second asset disposedat a second location in the industrial system; identifying in the firstset of stream-based data, a first portion to have a first data type asone of a temperature type, a pressure type, or a flow rate type;identifying in the second set of stream-based data, a second portion tohave a second data type, wherein the second data type is same as thefirst data type, wherein the second data type is identified based atleast in part on the values of the second portion of the second set ofstream-based data and changes of the values over a time period;determining whether the first portion of the first set of stream-baseddata corresponds to an expected range of values based on the secondportion of the second set of stream-based data; and sending a command tothe first asset to adjust a first set of operations in response to thefirst portion of the first set of stream-based data not being within theexpected range of values.
 14. The method of claim 13, comprising:monitoring a first alarm limit drift with respect to the first portionof the first set of stream-based data; and adjusting a second alarmlimit for the second portion of the second set of data based on thefirst alarm drift.
 15. The method of claim 13, comprising: receivingsensor data representative of the one or more operations; determining astate of the industrial system by applying a fuzzy logic algorithmcomprising a relationship between the first portion, the second portion,and the sensor data; and sending an additional command to the firstasset or the second asset based on the state.
 16. The method of claim13, comprising recognizing that the first portion of the first set ofstream-based data does not include metadata; determining a data type ofthe first portion; generating new metadata for the first portion; andadding the new metadata to the first portion.
 17. The method of claim13, comprising: determining a first state of the first portion;determining a second state of the second portion; determining a degreeof truth value for each of a plurality of conditions by applying thefirst state and the second state to one or more fuzzy logic truthtables; and determining whether each of the degree of truth values foreach of the plurality of conditions exceeds a respective conditionthreshold value.